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Beauty
Beauty is a value associated with an innate and emotional perception
of life's affirmative and meaningful aspects within objects in the
perceived world —ie. vitality, fertility, health, happiness,
goodness, and love. Cognition of "beauty" involves the interpretation
of objects as being in balance and harmony with nature, which in turn
elicits a sense and experience of attraction, affection, and pleasure.
In its most profound sense, beauty is said to engender a salient experience
of positive reflection with regard to the meaning of one's own being
within natural life. An "object of beauty" may be anything
that reveals or resonates with a personal meaning. Hence religious
and moral teachings have often focused on the divinity and virtue
of beauty, to assert natural beauty as an aspect of a spiritual beauty
(ie. truth) and to define all self-centered or materialistic pretensions
as based in ignorance.
The ancient story of Narcissus for example, deals with the distinction
between recognizing beauty and falling into vanity. The presence of
the self in any human context means that beauty is naturally tied
to its human meaning, wherein human beauty is often the dominant aspect
of a greater natural beauty. Otherwise, objects can be defined as
belonging to any of various types, such as "artificial,"
or "intellectual" beauty.
In the modern context, the usage of beauty as means to promote an
ideology or dogma has been a focus of societal debates which center
around issues of prejudice, ethics, and human rights.
The usage of beauty for purposes
of commercialism is a controversial aspect of the "culture wars,"
wherein feminism typically claims such usage promotes a dogmatic (ie.
"The Beauty Myth") rather than a virtuous understanding
of beauty.
The literal opposite of beauty is ugliness —ie. the perceived
lack of beauty, which stimulates displeasure and engenders a deeper
negative perception of the object.
Fine
Art
Fine art refers
to arts that are "concerned with beauty or which
appealed to taste". The term was first attested in
1767, as a translation from the French term beaux arts
and designates a limited number of visual art forms, including
painting, sculpture, and printmaking. Schools, institutes,
and other organizations still use the term to indicate
a traditional perspective on the visual arts, often implying
an association with classic or academic art.
The word "fine" does not so much denote the
quality of the artwork in question, but the purity of
the discipline. This definition tends to exclude visual
art forms that could be considered craftwork or applied
art, such as textiles. The more recent term visual arts
is widely considered to be a more inclusive and descriptive
phrase for today's variety of current art practices, and
for the multitude of mediums in which high art is now
more widely recognized to occur.
Ultimately, the term fine in 'fine art' comes from the
concept of Final Cause, or purpose, or end, in the philosophy
of Aristotle. The Final Cause of fine art is the art object
itself; it is not a means to another end except perhaps
to please those who behold it.
The term is still often used outside of the arts to denote
when someone has perfected an activity to a very high
level of skill. For example, one might metaphorically
say that "Pelé took football to the level
of a fine art."
That fine art is seen as being distinct from applied arts
is largely the result of an issue raised in Britain by
the conflict between the followers of the Arts and Crafts
Movement, including William Morris, and the early modernists,
including Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury Group. The
former sought to bring socialist principles to bear on
the arts by including the more commonplace crafts of the
masses within the realm of the arts, while the modernists
sought to keep artistic endeavour exclusive, esoteric,
and elitist.
An academic course of study in fine art may include a
Master of Fine Arts degree.
Types of fine art:
* Architecture
* Ceramics
* Dance
* Drawing
* Film
* Fine art photography
* Furniture
* Music & Opera
* Painting
* Poetry
* Printmaking
* Sculpture
* Theatre
* Intermedia (interdisciplinary,
traditionally referred to as Fine Art Media)
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